It is a paste made of precious metals as the conductive phase and used for manufacturing thick film resistors. It is mainly used in thick film resistors, resistor networks, hybrid integrated circuits, as well as special-purpose resistors and electrodes. It is a paste made of precious metals as the conductive phase and used for manufacturing thick film resistors. 
The conductive phase consists of noble metal conductive components with high diffusion coefficient and low resistance coefficient, as well as platinum group metals or their compound resistance components with high resistance coefficient. 
Nowadays, some have adopted metals with higher chemical stability, their sulfides and high-molecular organic compounds as the conductive phase. They are divided into silver-palladium pastes, ruthenium oxide pastes, ruthenate pastes, and iridium and rhodium pastes. Among them, ruthenium-based pastes are the most widely used. They have excellent chemical stability, thermal stability, and moisture resistance, high resistance value accuracy with a wide range, low resistance temperature coefficient, high resistance noise, good compatibility with silver-based conductive layers. Adding precious metal powders can widen the resistance value range, adding MnO2 and CuO can adjust the resistance temperature coefficient, CdO can improve moisture resistance stability, and Ta2O5 can obtain high-resistance pastes with good performance. The mixture powder of precious metals (or their compounds), borosilicate lead glass and additives is mixed with an organic carrier to form pastes. They are mainly used in thick film resistors, resistance networks, hybrid integrated circuits, as well as special-purpose resistors and electrodes.